What steps should the operating system take to deal with a page fault in virtual memory management?

A page fault refers to a page in the current page table, but a page that has not yet been loaded into main memory is called by the process.

First, the operating system will check if the required page is in the page table, and if so, it will check if the required page is in main memory. If not, start processing page faults.

It searches for this page in the backing storage (hard disk) and then swaps the page into main memory. If there are not enough free frames in main memory, one or more frames will be swapped out. The page table is then updated.

Finally, we restart the instruction.