An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.Operating systems handle such basic tasks as managing and configuring memory, prioritizing system resource supply and demand, controlling input and output devices, operating networks, and managing file systems. The operating system also provides an interface for users to interact with the system.Linux and Windows are my familar operating systems.

Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds .There are many famous release version of Linux,such as Ubuntu and RedHat.A Linux-based system is a modular Unix-like operating system, deriving much of its basic design from principles established in Unix during the 1970s and 1980s. Such a system uses a monolithic kernel, the Linux kernel, which handles process control, networking, access to the peripherals, and file systems. Device drivers are either integrated directly with the kernel, or added as modules that are loaded while the system is running.

Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces. Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer (PC) market with over 90% market share.