Operating systems control the file access by setting permissions for files and directories. Permissions can be set to grant or deny access to specific files and directories. When permission is granted, you can access and perform any function on the file or directory. When permission is denied, you cannot access that file or directory. The most common permissions are read, write, delete, and execute.

• Read allows a user to open and read a file or directory.


• Write allows a user to open the file or directory, make changes, and save those changes.


• Delete allows a user to delete the file or directory.


• Execute allows a user to run an executable file. Certain files are executable files, usually ending in .exe or .com, which starts an application on your computer.

Permission can be granted or denied to one person at a time or to a group of people. Let's say you're working with a group of 100 people and you want to allow only 20 of those people to have access to your budget directory. You could apply permission to each person individually, but that's a bit time-consuming. In these cases, it's better to create a group in the User Manager console, add those 20 people to the group, and then grant or deny permissions to the entire group.