Q:Compare usages for more than two types of operating systems.   for example,  how to create directory.

A:

There are many different ways to create a folder, subfolder,directory, and subdirectory on a computer depending on the operating system or where the directory is being created. Below are the steps on how to create a directory and folder in all major operating systems.

Creating a directory in MS-DOS and the Windows command line

Tip: It is more appropriate to use "directory" instead of "folder" when referring to the command line.

To create a directory in MS-DOS or the Windows command line, use the md or mkdir MS-DOS command. For example, below we are creating a new directory called "hope" in thecurrent directory.

mkdir hope

You can also create multiple new directories in the current directory by using the mdcommand. In the next example, we are creating three new directories, called "user1", "user2", and "user3", in the current directory.

md user1 user2 user3

If you want to create a directory with spaces you need to surround the directory name with quotes. In the example below, we are creating a directory called "my example directory" in the current directory.

md "my example directory"

To create a directory in the parent directory, without first moving into that directory, you can use the command below. This example moves back one directory to create the "example" directory.

md ..\example

To create a subdirectory in a different directory without moving into it, use a command similar to the example below, which creates a "test" directory in the hope directory.

mkdir hope\test

Tip: Once a directory has been created you can use the cd command to change the directory and move into that directory.

To make a directory in another drive without moving into that drive you could use a command similar to the example below, which creates an "example" directory on the F: drive. The drive letter "f:" can be substituted from any drive letter.

md f:\example

Creating a directory in Linux, Unix, and their variants

Tip: It is more appropriate to use "directory" instead of "folder" when in a command line.

Note: You must have the permissions to create a directory outside of your home directory.

To create a directory in Linux, Unix, or any variant, use the mkdir Linux and Unix command. For example, below we are creating a new directory called hope in the current directory.

mkdir hope

Tip: Once the directory has been created you can use the cd command to change the directory and move into that directory.

Tip: If you want to change the permissions of a directory after it has been created use the chmod command.

Creating a folder and directory in Microsoft Windows 3.X

File Manager

1. Open File Manager


2. Open the folder in which you'd like to place the new folder and in the menu at the top of File Manager, select File and then new folder.

MS-DOS

See the above MS-DOS users section for information about creating a directory in MS-DOS.