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👤 Author: by 2371183243qqcom 2018-03-22 01:27:23 |
The most common way to access the Internet is through an Internet serviceprovider (ISP). The providers are already connected to the Internet and pro-vide a path or connection for individuals to access the Internet. Your college orniversity most likely provides you with free access to the Internet. There arelso some companies such as Netzero and Juno that offer free Internet access. The most widely used commercial Internet service providers use telephonelines, cable, and/or wireless connections. Some of the best-known providers.are Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, and T-Mobile. Browsers are programs that provide access to Web resources. This software connects you to remote computers, opens and transfers files, displays text, images, and multimedia, and provides in one tool an uncomplicated inter-face to the Internet and Web documents. Browsers allow you to explore, or tosurf, the Web by easily moving from one Web site to another: Four well-knownbrowsers are Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Google Chrome.
For browsers to connect to resources, the location oraddressof the resources must be specified. These addressesare called uniform resource locators (URLs). All URLShave at least two basic parts.
The first partpresents the protocol used to connect to the resource. The protocol http is used for Web traffic and is themost widely used Internet protocol. The second part presents the domain name. It indicates the specific address where the resource is located. In Figure 2-3 thedomain is identified as www.mtv.com. (Many URLs have additional parts speci-fying directory paths, file names, and pointers.) The last part of the domainname following the dot (.) is the top-level domain (TLD). It identifies the typeof organization.
Once the browser has connected to the Web site, a document file is sentback to your computer. This document typically contains Hypertext MarkupLanguage (HTML). The browser interprets the HTML formatting instruc-tions and displays the document as a Web page. For example, when yourbrowser first connects to the Internet, it opens up to a Web page specified inthe browser settings. This page presents information about the site along withreferences and hyperlinks or links that connect to other documents contain-ing related information-text files, graphic images, audio, and video clips. These documents may be located on a nearby computer system or on onehalfway around the world. The links typically appear on the Web page asunderlined and colored text and/or images. When your mouse passes over alink, the mouse pointer changes to the shape of a small hand. To access thereferenced material, all you do is click on the highlighted text or image. A con-nection is automatically made to the computer containing the material, andthe referenced material appears on your display screen.
Web pages also can contain special programming to add interest and activity. A language called javascript is often used to trigger simple interactive features, such as opening new browser windows and checking information entered inonline forms. An advanced use of javascript called AJAX can be found on manyinteractive sites. This technology is used to create interactive Web sites thatrespond quickly, like traditional desktop application software.
applets are written in the Java pro-gramming language. These programs can be downloaded quickly and run by mostrowsers. Java applets are used to present animation, display graphics, providenteractive games, and much more. Today it is common to access the Internet from a variety of mobile devicesike cell phones. Special browsers called mobile browsers are designed to runn these portable devices. Unlike a traditional Web browser that is typicallylisplayed on a large screen, a mobile browser is displayed on a very smallcreen and special navigational tools are required to conveniently view Webontent. The Apple iPhone, for example, enables you to "pinch" or "stretch"he screen with two fingers to zoom Web content in and out.