Proposal

 

Document that is typically written by a scientist or academic which describes the ideas for an investigation on a certain topic. The research proposal outlines the process from beginning to end and may be used to request financing for the project, certification for performing certain parts of research of the experiment, or as a required task before beginning a college dissertation.

Proposal(s) or The Proposal may refer to:

• Proposal (business)


• Proposal (logic and philosophy) — proposition, a proposal in logic and philosophy.


• Proposal (marriage)


• Proposal (research)


• Category: Proposals — all types

A research proposal is a document proposing a research project, generally in the sciences or academia, and generally constitutes a request for sponsorship of that research. Proposals are evaluated on the cost and potential impact of the proposed research, and on the soundness of the proposed plan for carrying it out. Research proposals generally address several key points:

• What research question(s) will be addressed, and how they will be addressed


• How much time and expense will be required for the research


• What prior research has been done on the topic


• How the results of the research will be evaluated


• How the research will benefit the sponsoring organization and other parties

Research proposals may be solicited, meaning that they are submitted in response to a request with specified requirements, such as an request for proposal, or they may be unsolicited, meaning they are submitted without prior request. Other types of proposals include "preproposals", where a letter of intent or brief abstract is submitted for review prior to submission of a full proposal; continuation proposals, which re-iterate an original proposal and its funding requirements in order to ensure continued funding; and renewal proposals, which seek continued sponsorship of a project which would otherwise be terminated.

Academic research proposals are generally written as part of the initial requirements of writing a thesis, research paper, or dissertation. They generally follow the same format as a research paper, with an introduction, a literature review, a discussion of research methodology and goals, and a conclusion. This basic structure may vary between projects and between fields, each of which may have its own requirements.

In manufacturing, a measure of excellence or a state of being free from defects, deficiencies and significant variations. It is brought about by strict and consistent commitment to certain standards that achieve uniformity of a product in order to satisfy specific customer or user requirements. ISO 8402-1986 standard defines quality as "the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs." If an automobile company finds a defect in one of their cars and makes a product recall, customer reliability and therefore production will decrease because trust will be lost in the car's quality.

Methodology for analysis of measurement systems that utilizes the analysis of variance (ANOVA) random effects model to determine whether inaccuracies exist in a company's measurement processes. The Gage R&R technique is used to figure out if inaccuracies in measurement are affecting the quality of output for manufacturing systems or business processes. Also called Gage R&R.