Introduction:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) makes it workable for machines to gain for a fact, change in accordance with new data sources and perform human-like errands. Most AI models that we find out about today – from chess-playing PCs to self-driving autos – depend intensely on profound learning and common dialect handling. Utilizing these advances, PCs can be prepared to achieve particular undertakings by handling a lot of information and perceiving designs in the information.
As technology advances, previous benchmarks that defined artificial intelligence become outdated. For example, machines that calculate basic functions or recognize text through methods such as optimal character recognition are no longer said to have artificial intelligence, since this function is now taken for granted as an inherent computer function.
Definition of Artificial Intelligence:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. Some of the activities computers with artificial intelligence are designed for include:
Speech recognition
Learning
Planning
Problem solving
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it.
Basically, artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine or a computer program to think and learn. The concept of AI is based on the idea of building machines capable of thinking, acting, and learning like humans.
Artificial Intelligence is a term, which consists of two words.
Artificial: Artificial is something that is not real and which is kind of fake because it is simulated.
Intelligence: Intelligence is are very complex term. It can be defined in many different ways like logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, planning, creativity and of course problem solving.
Development of Artificial Intelligence:
The term artificial intelligence was first coined by John McCarthy in 1956 when he held the first academic conference on the subject. The scholarly underlying foundations of AI and the idea of intelligent machines might be found in Greek folklore. Wise antiquities show up in writing from that point forward, with genuine (and false) mechanical gadgets really exhibited to carry on with some level of knowledge. After modern PCs wound up accessible, after World War II, it has turned out to be conceivable to make programs that perform troublesome scholarly assignments. From these projects, general apparatuses are developed which have applications in a wide assortment of ordinary issues.
The idea of inanimate objects coming to life as intelligent beings has been around for a long time. The ancient Greeks had myths about robots, and Chinese and Egyptian engineers built automatons. In 4th century B.C.Aristotle invented syllogistic logic, the first formal deductive reasoning system.
The beginnings of modern AI can be traced to classical philosophers' attempts to describe human thinking as a symbolic system. But the field of AI wasn't formally founded until 1956, at a conference at Dartmouth College, in Hanover, New Hampshire, where the term "artificial intelligence" was coined.
But the golden period of AI are 1950 to 1997.
Types of Artificial Intelligence:
The current intelligent system has the ability to oversee a lot of information and improving muddled estimations quick. In any case, these are not aware machines. Man-made intelligence designers are endeavoring to build up this component later on. In the coming years, AI frameworks will reach and outperform the execution of people in comprehending distinctive undertakings. Distinctive kinds of AI have risen to help other man-made reasoning frameworks to work shrewdly. Firstly the AI can be categorize in 2 ways—
- Weak AI:Weak AI , also known as narrow AI, is an AI system that is designed and trained for a particular task.Virtual Personal assistants,such as Apple's Siri, are a form of weak AI.
- Strong AI:Strong AI, also known as artificial general intelligence, is an AI system with generalized human cognitive abilities so that when presented with an unfamiliar task, it has enough intelligence to find a solution. The Turning Test , developed by mathematician Alan Turing in 1950, is a method used to determine if a computer can actually think like a human, although the method is controversial.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence:
The applications of AI found each steps of our daily life. Some of applications are described in below:
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Companies are applying machine learning to make better and faster diagnoses than humans. One of the best-known technologies is IBM’s Watson. It understands natural language and can respond to questions asked of it. The system mines patient data and other available data sources to form a hypothesis, which it then presents with a confidence scoring schema. AI is a study realized to emulate human intelligence into computer technology that could assist both, the doctor and the patients in the following ways:
By providing a laboratory for the examination, representation and cataloguing medical information
By devising novel tool to support decision making and research
By integrating activities in medical, software and cognitive sciences
By offering a content rich discipline for the future scientific medical communities.
- Artificial Intelligence in business: Robotic process automation is being applied to highly repetitive tasks normally performed by humans. Machine learning algorithms are being integrated into analytics and CRM (Customer relationship management) platforms to uncover information on how to better serve customers. Chatbots have already been incorporated into websites and e companies to provide immediate service to customers. Automation of job positions has also become a talking point among academics and IT consultancies.
- AI in education:It automates grading, giving educators more time. It can also assess students and adapt to their needs, helping them work at their own pace.
4.AI
in Autonomous vehicles:Just like humans, self-driving cars need to have sensors to understand the world around them and a brain to collect, processes and choose specific actions based on information gathered. Autonomous vehicles are with advanced tool to gather information, including long range radar, cameras, and LIDAR. Each of the technologies are used in different capacities and each collects different information. This information is useless, unless it is processed and some form of information is taken based on the gathered information. This is where artificial intelligence comes into play and can be compared to human brain. AI has several applications for these vehicles and among them the more immediate ones are as follows:
Directing the car to gas station or recharge station when it is running low on fuel.
Adjust the trips directions based on known traffic conditions to find the quickest route.
Incorporate speech recognition for advanced communication with passengers.
Natural language interfaces and virtual assistance technologies.
- AI for roboticswill allow us to address the challenges in taking care of an aging population and allow much longer independence. It will drastically reduce, may be even bring down traffic accidents and deaths, as well as enable disaster response for dangerous situations for example the nuclear meltdown at the fukushima power plant.
- Cyborg Technology:One of the main limitations of being human is simply our own bodies and brains.Researcher Shimon Whiteson thinks that in the future, we will be able to augment ourselves with computers and enhance many of our own natural abilities. Though many of these possible cyborg enhancements would be added for convenience, others may serve a more practical purpose. Yoky Matsuka of Nest believes that AI will become useful for people with amputated limbs, as the brain will be able to communicate with a robotic limb to give the patient more control. This kind of cyborg technology would significantly reduce the limitations that amputees deal with daily.
- AI for manufacturing:AI can analyze factory IoT data as it streams from connected equipment to forecast expected load and demand using recurrent networks, a specific type of deep learning network used with sequence data.
8.AI
for retail: AI provides virtual shopping capabilities that offer personalized recommendations and discuss purchase options with the consumer. Stock management and site layout technologies will also be improved with AI.
- AI for Agriculture:Modern agriculture is not just a cow and a pig and a couple of chickens hanging out before the field of rice and carrot. We’re talking about acres of land that needs to be taken care of. And it takes a lot of manpower to do it. With a little help of drones, farmers can oversee how the crops are growing and whether it needs seeding or watering. The same thing goes for the livestock and their needs.On the other hand — cameras can monitor the growth of specific cultures and analyses it. They can instantly spot any impending problem or occurrence of insect infestation.
- AI for recruitment:Oversights are a common problem in HR-department — something always slips through and sometimes it leads to wrong choices and consequences. Even the most battle-hardened recruiters experience that once in a while. It can handle basic CV reviews and even provide initial interviews in which chatbot can provide a simple Q&A to construct a profile of an interviewee.
Conclusion
To put it plainly, there have been remarkable advances as of late in the capacity of AI frameworks to fuse deliberateness, knowledge, and versatility in their calculations. As opposed to being robotic or deterministic in how the machines work, AI programming learns as it comes and fuses genuine involvement in its decision making. Along these lines, it upgrades human execution and enlarges individuals' abilities. Obviously, these advances likewise make individuals anxious about doomsday situations sensationalized by motion picture creators. Circumstances where AI-controlled robots assume control from people or debilitate fundamental qualities scare individuals and lead them to ponder whether AI is making a valuable commitment or risks jeopardizing the quintessence of mankind. Through these sorts of shields, social orders will expand the chances that AI frameworks are purposeful, shrewd, and versatile while as yet fitting in with essential human qualities. In that way, nations can push ahead and gain the advantages of man-made consciousness and rising advancements without relinquishing the essential characteristics that characterize humankind. The objective of AI is to give programming that can reason on information and clarify on yield. Computer based intelligence will give human-like collaborations programming and offer choice help for particular errands, yet it is anything but a trade for people – and won't be at any point in the near future.
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